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Andor Lilienthal
Andor (André, Andre, Andrei) Arnoldovich Lilienthal〔George Négyesi (editor), ''Champions' Friend, Friendship's Champion: Lilienthal's Hundred Best Games'', Caissa Chess Books, 2001, p. 18.〕〔Reuben Fine, ''The World's Great Chess Games'', Dover Publications, 1983, p. 216. ISBN 0-486-24512-8.〕 (May 5, 1911 – May 8, 2010〔) was a Hungarian and Soviet chess Grandmaster. In his long career, he played against ten male and female world champions, beating Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Vera Menchik.〔Slobodan Adzic, (He Has Beaten Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine as well as Old Age! ), ChessBase News, May 30, 2005.〕〔(Lilienthal! ). ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2009-05-28.〕 In a 2005 article, Slobodan Adzic wrote that Lilienthal was still active, in good health, driving his car, and writing articles for chess magazines.〔 At the time of his death, he was the oldest living grandmaster, and the last surviving person from the original group of grandmasters awarded the title by FIDE in 1950.
==Biography==
Lilienthal was born in Moscow, Russia, and moved to Hungary at the age of two.〔David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, ''The Oxford Companion to Chess'' (2nd ed. 1992), Oxford University Press, p. 226. ISBN 0-19-866164-9.〕〔Négyesi, p. 11.〕 He played for Hungary in three Chess Olympiads: Folkestone 1933 (scoring +7 −0 =6 as the reserve, the fifth player on the team), Warsaw 1935 (scoring +11 −0 =8 on second board), and Stockholm 1937 (scoring +9 −2 =6 on first board, leading his team to the silver medal).〔Árpád Főldeák ''Chess Olympiads 1927–1968'', Dover Publications, 1979, pp. 91, 110, 143. ISBN 0-486-23733-8.〕 He won the individual gold medal for his board (reserve and second board, respectively) at the 1933 and 1935 Olympiads, and had the fourth-best result on first board in 1937.〔B. M. Kažić, ''International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events'', Pitman, 1974, pp. 24, 28, 31. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.〕 His total score in the Olympiads was a remarkable 75.51%.〔Négyesi, p. 15.〕
Emigrating to the Soviet Union in 1935, Lilienthal became a Soviet citizen in 1939.〔 He played in the USSR Chess Championship eight times.〔Bernard Cafferty and Mark Taimanov, ''The Soviet Championships'', Cadogan Chess Books, 1998, pp. 41, 48, 52, 56, 59, 62, 67, 81. ISBN 1-85744-201-6.〕 His best result came in the 1940 championship, when he tied for first with Igor Bondarevsky, ahead of Smyslov, Paul Keres, Isaac Boleslavsky, Botvinnik, and 14 other players.〔Cafferty and Taimanov, p. 48.〕 He qualified for the Candidates Tournament once, in 1948.〔
From 1951 until 1960 he was Tigran Petrosian's trainer.〔 Lilienthal began a friendship with Vasily Smyslov in 1938, and was Smyslov's second in his world championship matches against Botvinnik.〔 He retired from tournament play in 1965 and returned to Hungary in 1976.〔 His last tournament was Zamárdi 1980, where he finished sixth in the B group, scoring +3 −1 =11.〔Négyesi, p. 233.〕
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